Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a type of inflammatory arthritis that affects some people who have psoriasis, a chronic skin disease.
In PsA, the joints and the areas where ligaments and tendons attach to bones become inflamed and painful. Over time, this inflammation can cause joint damage.
Causes:
The exact cause of PsA is unknown, but it is believed to be related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Psoriasis is caused by an overactive immune system, and PsA is thought to be an autoimmune disorder. People with a family history of psoriasis or PsA may be at increased risk of developing the condition.
Symptoms:
Symptoms of PsA can vary from person to person, but common symptoms include joint pain, stiffness, and swelling, especially in the fingers and toes. Some people may also experience fatigue, nail changes, and eye inflammation.
Types:
There are several different types of PsA, including symmetric PsA, asymmetric PsA, and spondylitis PsA. Symmetric PsA affects the same joints on both sides of the body, while asymmetric PsA affects different joints on each side of the body. Spondylitis PsA affects the spine and can cause back pain and stiffness.
Prevention:
There is no known way to prevent PsA, but certain lifestyle changes may help reduce the risk of developing the condition.
These include maintaining a healthy weight, getting regular exercise, and avoiding smoking.
Treatment:
Treatment for PsA typically involves a combination of medications and lifestyle changes. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be used to relieve pain and inflammation, while disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) may be used to slow the progression of joint damage.
In severe cases, biologic medications may be used to target specific parts of the immune system. Physical therapy and joint injections may also be used to improve joint function and reduce pain.
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