Bacteria are tiny single-celled organisms found almost everywhere, including in and on the human body. Many are harmless or helpful, aiding digestion and protecting against illness, while others—called infectious bacteria—can cause disease by multiplying quickly or producing toxins. Bacterial infections can spread through respiratory droplets, contaminated surfaces, cuts, sexual contact, insect bites, food or water, and from parent to baby during pregnancy. Treatment usually involves antibiotics, but misuse can lead to antibiotic resistance, making infections harder to treat. Bacterial infections can be prevented by getting recommended vaccines, practicing good hygiene, following food safety guidelines, cleaning frequently touched surfaces, preventing insect bites, practicing safe sex, and avoiding close contact with sick individuals.
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