Birth weight is the baby’s first weight taken after birth. Babies under 5 lb 8 oz are considered low birth weight, and those over 8 lb 13 oz are considered high birth weight. Causes of low birth weight include premature birth, health problems in the pregnant parent, certain medications, substance use, infections, multiple pregnancy, placental problems, small parental size, genetic conditions, and birth defects. Low birth weight can lead to immediate issues like breathing problems, infections, low blood sugar, jaundice, and difficulty staying warm, as well as long-term risks such as delayed development, learning disabilities, and adult health problems like heart disease and diabetes. Causes of high birth weight include large parents, parental diabetes, certain genetic conditions, and excessive weight gain during pregnancy. High birth weight can make delivery more difficult and increase risks of birth injuries, blood sugar issues, breathing problems, and jaundice. Some birth weight problems may be prevented through regular prenatal care, proper nutrition, blood sugar control during pregnancy, and avoiding substance use.
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