Viruses are tiny germs made of genetic material (DNA or RNA) inside a protein coating. While many viruses exist, only some can infect humans, causing diseases like the common cold, flu, COVID-19, and HIV. They spread through droplets, contaminated surfaces, sexual contact, insect bites, or from pregnant parents to babies. Viruses cause disease by invading healthy cells and using them to replicate, which can damage or kill cells. Some viruses target specific types of cells, such as hepatitis affecting liver cells. Most viral infections can only be managed by relieving symptoms, as antibiotics don’t work on viruses, but some antiviral treatments exist. Prevention includes vaccination, handwashing, food safety, cleaning surfaces, avoiding sick people, using insect repellent, and practicing safe sex.
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